SUFFIXES

a-

ýok, däl, garşy, tersine

The boss got an anonymous letter from his employee.

Edaranyň başlygy gullukçysyndan atsyz ady bolmadyk hat aldy.

ab, abs

bolmazlyk, adaty dällik, adaty bolmadyk

He was absent on Monday. The strange and abnormal habits of certain savage tribes were noticed.

Geçen duşenbe güni ol sapakda bolmady. Käbir ýabany tirelerde geň we adaty bolmadyk däpleriň üsti açyldy.

acr-

tagamy, ysy boýunça ýiti, gyjyndyryjy ys

The room filled with the acrid smell of tobacco.

Otag temmäkiniň ýiti ysyndan doldy.

act-,

hereket, iş, çäre

Action is the fact or process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim.

Hereket - bir fakty ýa-da işi bitirmek, adatça belli bir maksada ýetmek üçin amal edilýän çäre.

a-, an-,

-syz, -siz, däl diýen ýokluk manyny berýän prefiks

Such behaviour was atypical of him. He declared himself apolitical.

Özüni alyp baryşy onuň üçin adaty däldy. Ol özniniň syýasatdan daşda durian-dygyny aýtdy.

ad-

1. üstünlik, öňe gidişlik, ilerleme, gazanylan netije. 2. tarap, ugra gönükdirilen

1.It is a very great advance on all your former writing.2. She had to adapt herself to local conditions.

1. Bu siziň öňki gazanan üstünlikleriňiz bilen deňeşdirilende, ägirt uly öňe gidişlik. 2. Ol ýerli şertlere öwrenişmeli boldy.

agr-

ýer, toprak, oba hojalygy

A lot young peope were involved in agricultural training in the country.

Ýüzlerçe ýaş ýigitler we gyzlar oba hojalyk hünärleri boýunça taýýarlanyly.

alte-

çalşmak, çalşyrmak, ýütgetmek

Sunny weather alternated with rain.

Güneşli howa ýagyn bilen gezekleşýärdi.

anima-

ýaşaýyş, durmuş, janly zatlar, janlandyrmak

Many farms are engaged in animal breeding.A message from her beloved animated his life.

Fermalaryň köpüsi maldarçylyk bilen meşgullanýarlar. Magşuk gyzdan gelen habara janlandy.

ann-

ýyl, ýyllyk, ýyllar

He presented his annual report brilliantly.

Ol ýyllyk hasabatyny örän oňat tabşyrdy.

ante-

öň, öňki

Before she had a baby in she was sent to the antenatal care for two weeks.

Çagasy bolmazdan öň, ol enäni we çagany goramagyň hassahanasyna iki hepdelik iberildi.

anthro-

adam, admyň tebigaty

She studied at the anthropology department of the medical uniýersity.

Ol lukmançylyk unwersitetiniň antropologiýa fakultetinde okady.

anti-

garşy, garşysyna, tersine

A group of young people were found guilty and sentenced for their antisocial acts in the city.

Ýaş ýigitleriň bir topary jemgyýetçilik asudalygyny bozandyklary üçin kasyýet jogapkärçiligine çekildi.

aqua-

suw, suw bilen bagla-nyşykly, suwa degişli

The teenager was interested in aquarium fish.

Ýaş ýigit akwarium balyjyk-laryny ösdürip ýetişdirmekde gyzyklanýardy.

archy-

dolandyrma, dolandyryş

A monarchy is a system in which a country has a monarch.

Monarhiýa dolandyryşy monarh ulgamly ýurtdyr.

-audi,(audit)-

eşitmek, eşidilýän

Ambulance (car) switched on its audible alarm.

Tiz kömek gyssanmaçlyk duýduryş (signal) sesini açdy.

auto-

özi, öz-özi, awto-matik usulda

A lot of devices in the laboratory are regulated automaticly.

Baralghananyň enjamlarynyň köpüsi awtomatik usulda kadalaşdyrylýar.

be-

belli bir şert döretmek ýa-da şeýle ýagdaýa getirmek

Because of his illness he was absent at the lesson.

Ýarawsyzlygy sebäpli, ol okuwda ýokdy.

bene-

gowy, oňat, peýdaly, bähbitli manyny aňladýar.

Mutually beneficial relation-ship was made between the two countries.

Iki ýurduň arasynda özara bähbitli gatnaşyklar ýola goýuldy.

bi-, bis-

iki, goşa

This magazine is issued bimonthly.

Bu žurnal iki aýda bir gezek çykýar.

-bio-

ýaşaýyşa, durmuşa degişli, janly zatlar bilen baglanyşykly

This country is very rich in biodiversity.

Bu ýurt biologiki dürlülige diýseň baý.

brev-

gysga, kelte, az

Brevity is the soul of wit.

Az gürle - uz gürle (nakyl).

centi-

ýüz (100), ýüzlük san

XXI century is the golden age of the Turkmens.

XXI asyr - türkmeniň altyn asyry.

civ-

raýat, raýat bilen baglanyşykly

Mr Johns studied civil rights at the university.

Jenap Jons raýat hukuklarynyunwersitetde öwrendi.

circu-, cir

töwerek, çäk

The Moon makes a full circle around the Earth once a month.

Asmandaky aý ýeriň daşyn-dan aýda bir gezek doly aýlaw edýär.

-chron-

wagt, möhlet, möwrüt;

Historical chronological subject is taught at this faculty.

Bu fakultetde taryhy wakalaryň we resminamalaryň senelrini kesgitleýän ylmy ders okadylýar.

clar-

anyk, aýdyň, açyk

One of the partners wanted to clarify a point of the contract.

Hyzmatdaşlardan biri şertnamanyň bir soragyny anyklamak isledi.

co-

bile, goşulyşyp, bileleşip, bilelikde

co-author, cooperate, co-chairman.

The meeting was held in co-chairmanship.

col, com, con,

bile, bilelikde, goşu-lmak, bileleşdirmek,

They combined their two firms against their competitors. It was a collective decision.

Olar öz kompaniýalarynyň tagallalaryny bäşdeşleriniň garşysyna bileleşdirdiler.Bu bilelikde gelnen karardy.

contra

garşy, ters

They discussed (all) pro and contra of the situation.John’s actions contradict his words.

Olar ýagdaýyň ähli oňyn we ters (zyýanly) taraplaryny ara alyp maslahatlaşdylar. Jonuň hereketleri aýdýan sözleri bilen ters gelýärdi.

corp-

göwre, beden

He suffered from corpulence for last three years.

Ol soňky üç ýyl bäri semizlikden ejir çekýärdi.

counter

garşysyna, garşylyk-laýyn, tersine, ters ugruna, capraz

Some values run counter to the of society. The chairman countered the committee member's suggestion with another question.

Käbir gymmatlyklar jemgyýetiň däp-dessurlryna ters gelýär. Komitetiň agzalarynyň teklibine başlyk garşylyklaýyn sorag berdi.

cred-

ynanmak, hormat-lamak, sylamak

You needn't worry (about) credibility of witness.

Şaýadyň ynamlylygy barada şübhelenmeseň bolar.

crim-

jenaýat, ters hereket, jenaýatly etmiş

Mr Johns worked in criminal office for several years.

Jenap Jonz bu jenaýatçylyk bölüminde birnäçe ýyl bäri işleýärdi.

cross

garşy, atanaklaýyn, çalşyrylyp duran

He was standing cross-armed at the window.

Ol gollaryny gowşuryp, penjiräniň öňünde durdy.

cur-

belli bir ýagdaý ýüze çykmak

Such cases are exceptional occur naturally.

Tebigatda şeýle ýagdaýlr seýrek duş glýär.

curr-, curs-,

course to run running

Within pandemic situation many countries made currency adjustment.

Pandemiýa sebäpli köp ýurtlar öz walýuta deňagramlygyny amala aşyrdylar.

cyber-

kiber – kompýuterle-riň, maglumat tehno-logiýasy we wirtual hakykat häsiýetna-masyna degişli düşünje.

Cyberattack -an attempt by hackers to damage or destroy a computer network or system.

Kiber hüjüm – kompýuter toruny ýa-da systemasyny hatardan çykarmak üçin hakerler tarapyndan edilýän hüjüm syganyşygy.

cycle-

tegelek, aýlaw

The parliament adopted 4-year cycle of the national economic growth and development.

Parlament milli ykdysady ösşiň geljekki 4-ýyllyk meýilnamasyny kabul etdi.

de

tersine, garşysyna hereket

Many states struggle effect-tively against the deforestation in their countries.

Köp döwletler ýurduiň çölleşmegi-ne garşy netijeli çäreleri amala aşyrýarlar.

demo-

halk, halky, halk tarapyndan, halkyň üsti bilen

Democratization of the electo-ral system was carried out just after independence of the country.

Garaşsyzlygyň yzysüresi ýurtda saýlaw ulgamynyň demokratiýalaşdyrylmagyna girişildi.

dif, di

aýry, aýratynlykda, tapawutlykda;

Turkmen language differs greatly from Russian one.

Türkmen dili rus dilinden düýpli tapawutlanýar.

dis-

däl, garşysyna, tersine hereket etmek

He declared his disagreement on one point of the matter.

Ol meseläniň bir soragy bilen ylalaşmaýandygyny aýtdy.

domin-

agalyk etmek, agdyklyk etmek

Young and highly educated people dominate in this country.

Bu ýurtda ýaşlar we bilimli adamlar agdyklyk edýär.

dur-

dowamly, uzak dowam edýän, dowamlylyk

A durable agreement was signed between the two countries.

Iki ýurduň arasynda uzak möhletli şertnama baglanylyşyldy.

dynam-

güýç, kuwwat

The country’s economy develops dynamically within last years.

Soňky ýyllaryň dowamynda ýurduň ykdysadyýeti güýçli depginler bilen ösýär.

e-

elektron, adatça internete degişli zatlar

You can contact us by email or fax.

Siz biziň bilen elektron poçta ýa-da faks arkaly habarlaşyp bilersiňiz.

eco-

Daşky gurşawa, tebigata degişli

Our country has all necessary conditions to organize eco-friendly tourism.

Ýurdumyzda tebigata zyýansyz gezelenji gurnamaga ähli mümkinçilikler bar.

en-,

atlardan, sypatlardan işlik ýasaýar

Farmers have to enrich the soil with chemicals. Computer software enables functioning of the keyboard.

Topragy gurplandyrmak üçin fermerler ony himiki dökünler bilen baýlaşdydmaly bolýarlar. Klawiaturanyň işleýişine kompýuteriň programma üpjünçiligine jogap berär.

em-

atlardan, sypatlardan işlik ýasaýar

The parlaiment empowered the committee to draft a new resolution.

Parlament komitete täze kararnamanyň taslamasyny işläp düzmäge ygtyýar berdi.

equ

deň, deňlik, laýyk even

The Constitution declares equality between men and women in the country.

Konstitusiýa ýurtda aýallar we erkekleriň arasyndaky deňligi jar edýär.

ex-

öň, öňki

His father is ex-minister.

Onuň kakasy öň ministr bolan.

ex-

1. -dan, -den, 2. içinden daşyndan

Goods are sold on ex-warehouse conditions. He saw "No exit" sigh at the door.

Harytlar zawodyň öz ammardan alyp gitmek şertinde satylýar. Gapyda ol “çykalga ýok” diýen ýazgyny gördi.

extra-

daşary, daşyndan, goşmaça

He has to make an extra pay for his baggage.

Ol goşy üçin goşmaça töleg tölemeli boldy

flu-, (fluc-, flux-)

akmak, akgyn, suwara, erkin

He speaks English fluently.

Ol iňlis dilinde suwara gürleýär.

for-

öň, öň ýüzündäki, öňünden

I have foretold you about it several times.

Men öňünden size bu barada birnäçe gezek aýdypdym.

force- (fort)-

güýç, kuwwat, berkitmek

The builders reinforced the foundation of the house.

Gurluşykçylar jaýyň binýadyny berikdiler.

geo-

ýer bilen baglanysyk-ly, ýer ylmyna degişli

Geography, geometry subjects are taught at school.

Geografiýa, geometriýa dersleri mekdepde okadylýar.

hyper

has güýçli, adatdan daşary häsiýetli

This is the latest hypersensitive device used in seismology.

Bu seýismologiýada ulanylýan iň täze adatdan daşary duýgur enjam.

il-,ill-, im-,in-, ir-

erbet, ýaramaz, pes hilli, laýyk gelmeýän, ýok, nädogry, ters, düşünjeleri berýär

We considered his behaviour incorrect. He made it impossible for me to say no.It is not easy to learn irregular verbs.

Biz onuň özüni alyp baryşy gelişiksiz hasaplaýarys.Ol maňa garşylyk görkezer ýaly ýer goýmady.Nädogry işlikleri ýat tutmak aňsat däl.

inter-

ara ýa-da arasynda

Interdepartmental meeting has discussed urgent problems of the company.

Kompaniýanyň wajyp meseleleri bölümleriň arasyndaky ýygnakda seredildi.

jud-, jur-, jus-

kanun, kanuny, kanuna laýyk gelýän adalatly, dogry,

The justice of these observations were proved by practice.

Gelnen kararlaryň adalatlylygyny (dogrulygyny) tejribeler tassyklady.

junct-, (joi)-

goşmak, birikdir-mek, bileleşdirmek, baglaşdyrmak

Junction-canal was construc-ted between the two provinces.

Iki welaýatyň arasynda birikdiriji kanal guruldy.

leg-

kanun, kanuny, kanun taýdan,

What I did was perfectly legal.

Meniň eden hereketleriň kanun taýdan büs-bütünleýin dogry.

log-, (logo)

söz, sözleýiş, jümle

It was a meaningful dialogue between the partners.

Gepleşik taraplaryň arasyndaky peýdaly pikir alyşma boldy.

mal-

erbet, ýaramaz, pes, nädogry, dürs däl, nä-zas, ýalňyş

He switched on the malfunction indicator lamp to find a defect of an apparatus

Ol enjamdaky näsazlygy tapmak üçin sazlaýjy lampany işletdi.

mand-

buýruk bermek, hökmany, ygtyýarly

He had mandatory power to solve problems.

Ýüze çykýan meseleler boýunça çözgüde gelmäge onuň ygtyýarly hukugy bardy.

manu-

el, el bilen, eliň bilen

He has written his manuscript several years ago.

Ol golýazmasyny birnäçe ýyl mundan öň ýazypdy.

mar -

deňiz, suw

This was an ordinary maritime town.

Bu adaty bir deňizýaka şäherjikdi.

maxi-

iň ýokar dereje, iň uly, iň köp

This is the maximum capacity of the hydro-electric station.

Bu gidro-elektrik bekediň iň ýokary kuwwatlylygy.

med-

orta,

I saw a wonderful medieval carpet in the Oriental Art museum.

Men Gündogar sungat muzeýinde ajaýyp orta asyr halysyny gördüm.

mega

adatdan daşary uly, ägirt uly, mega

Today's leading edge petascale systems consume between 2-3 Megawatts (MW) per petaflops.

Häziki zaman örän kuwwatly kompýuter-ler her petfloplara 2-3 МВт elektrik toguny ulanýarlar.

mem-

ýat, huş, ýatkeşlik

He has good memory for numbers.

Onuň sanlary ýatda saklamaga ýatkeşligi güýçli.

micro-

örän kiçi, örän ownukmikro

He works in the agricultural microbiology department.

Ol oba hojalygy mikrobiologiýa bölüminde işleýär.

mid-

ortasynda, ara, orta

He passed his midterm exams successfully.

Ol möwsümara synaglaryny üstünlikli tabşyrdy.

milli-

münden bölegi, milli

millisecond

Sekundyň müňden bir bölegi - millisekunt.

mini-

mini, kici, kiçijik, uly bolmadyk

They bought a minibus last month.

Olar geçen aý mini (kiçi) awtobus satyn aldylar.

mis-

ýalňyş, erbet, pes, ýaramaz, nädogry, dürs däl, näzas,

He made a lot of mistakes in his test.

Ol testinde örän köp ýalňyş goýberdi. —

mono-

bir, ýeke, ýeketäk,

Comparative and superlative degrees of monosyllable adjectives are not difficult to learn.

Bir bogunly sypatlaryň deňeşdirme we artyklyk derejelerini öwrenmek kyn däl.

multi-

köp

The number of multi-storey buildings in the city increases year by year.

Şäherde köp gatly ýjaýlaryň sany ýyl-ýyldan artýar.

neo-

täze

A lot neologisms are coined in many languages.

Köp dillerde täze sözler müňlerçesi emele getirilýär.

non-

däl, -syz, -siz, tersine, garsy

Many people prefer non-smoking section.

Adamlaryň köpüsi çilim çekilmeýän ýerleri saýlaýarlar.

ob-

anyk, açyk, aýdyň

There is no obvious solution to the problem.

Bu meseläniň anyk çözgüdi ýok.

omni-

ähli, hemme (ählu-mumylygy görkezýän goşma sözleriň birinj bölejigi)

On Friday the company got an omnibus letter.

Anna güni kompaniýa işgärleriň birnäçesine salgylanan hat aldy.

out-

bir zadyň agdyklygy-ny, köplügini aňladýar.

He outdid the task.

Ol buýrulan ýumuşy artykmajy bilen ýerine ýetirdi.

over-

örän köp, örän kän,aşa, artykmaç, köp

He overslept yesterday.

Öten agşam ol ýatyp galdy (turmalyy wagtyndan giç turdy).

part-

Ýaym, doly däl, doly bolmadyk, bölekleýin

After her son was born, she had to work part-time.

Çagasy dogulandan soň ol ýarym salkyn işlemeli boldy.

paed-,ped-

çaga degişli, çaga bilen baglanyşykly

A paediatrician ia a medical practitioner specialed in children and their diseases

Pediator (çaga lukmany) çagalar we olaryň keselleri bilen iş salyşýan hünärmen.

ped-

aýak

Pedestal is the base or support on which a statue is mounted.

Pedestal - heýkel oturdylýan ýa-da heýkel durýan binýat.

per

-a, -e, -dan, -den,

He was driving at 60 miles per hour. Per capita income increases in this country year by year.

Оl sagatda 60 mil tizlik bilen sürýärdi. Bu ýurtda jan başyna düşýän girdeji ýyl-ýyldan artýar.

phil-

söýýän, halaýan, eý görýän; filo-

Magtymguly was a great poet and philosoph of his time.

Magtymguly öz döwrüniň beýik şahyry we filosofy bolupdyr.

phon-

Ses, ses bilen baglanyşykly, fone-

English phonetics is very difficult to learn.

Iňlis diliniň fonetikasy öwrenmäge örän çylşyrymly.

poly

köp

Forming of comparative and superlative degrees of polysyllable adjectives are a little bit difficult.

Köpbogunly sypatlaryň deňeşdirme we artyklyk derejeleriniň ýasalyşy birneme kynrak.

post

soň, soňra, soňundan

Discussing of the forthcoming plan was postponed.

Geljek ýylyň meýilnamasyny ara alyp maslahtlaşmak soňra (soňki günlere) geçirildi.

pre

-dan öň, -dan öňki, çenli

Children start to study at the age of six at preschool educa-tional institutions.

Mekdebe çenli okuw jaýlarynda çagalar 6 ýaşdan okap başlaýarlar.

prim-

ilkinji, birinji

Primary tasks should be fulfilled first.

Ilkinji nobatdaky wezipeler birinji bolup ýerine ýetirilmeli.

re-

gaýtadan, täzeden, ýene bir gezek

He will have the body re-examined.

Ol lukmançylyk barlagyndan gaýtadan geçmeli.

self-

özi

I like your self-criticism.

Öz-özüňize tankydy garaýyşyňyz maňa ýaraýar.

semi-

ýarym, bölekleýin

His semi-annual financial report was very good.

Onuň ýarym ýyllyk hasanaty oňat çykdy.

sequ

yzyny eýermek, yzyna

In our country holidays come in sequence.

Biziň ýurdumyzda baýramçylyklar goşa-goşadan gelýär.

socio-

jemgyýet, jemgyýete degisli, dahylly

Socio-economic development is aimed to the nation.

Sosial-ykdysady ösüş halkyň maksadyna gönükdirilendir.

sol (soli)

ýeke, ýeke özi, ýekelikde, bir özi

This singer has just completed his final solo album.

Bu aýdymçy ýaňyja ýekelikde ýerine ýetirip ýazdyran soňki albomuny tamamlady.

sub -

- aşak, pes, asty, az

The submarine plunged.

Suwasty gämi suw astyna çümdi.

super-

ýokary, ýokary derejeli, beýik, güýçli, kuwwatly

There are hundreds of superhighways in the USA.

ABŞ-da ýokary derejeli, ýokary tizlikli awto ýollar ýüzlerçesi bar.

syn-, sym-, syl-

bile, billikde, bilelişen

 Symphony is an elaborate musical composition for full orchestra, typically in four movements.

Simfoniýa - simfoniki orkestr tarapyndan bielikde ýerine ýetirilýän uly göwrümli saz eseri.

tele-

uzak (aralyk), daş aralyk, tele-

Telecommunication industry is highly developed in this country.

Bu ýurtda telekommunikasiýa senagaty giňden ösdürilýär.

thermo

gyzgyn, gyzgynlyk

Thermostat functions perfectly.

Gyzgynlyk derejesine gözegçilik edýän enjam gurat işleýär.

trans -

üstaşyr

They made ttransatlantic cruiselast summer.

Geçen tomus olar atlantik ummanynda gämide syýahat etdiler.

tri-

üç

In ancient times Greeks used tripod pots.

Gadymy Gresiýada adamlar üç aýakly gap-gaçlary ulanypdyrlar.

ultra

adatdan daşary uly, örän

This was an ultramodern building in the city.

Bu jaý şäheriň adatdan daşary häzirki zaman binasydy.

un, uni

bir, ýeke, bitewi

His plan was supported unanimously at the meeting.The opposition demanded unilateral disarmament.

Ýygnakda onuň meýilnamasyny biragyzdan goldadylar. Oppozisiýa birtaraplaýyn ýaragsyzlanmagy talap edýärdi.

un

däl

No one needs your unhelpful suggestions.

Seniň peýdasyz maslahat-laryň hiç kime derkar däl.

under-

ýeterlik mukdarda däl, kemter, örän az, pes,

The employees say that they are underpaid and overworked.

Gullukçylar aýlyklarynyň juda azdygyna, ýerine ýetirýän işleriniň bolsa örän köpdüginden arz edýärler.

vice-

orunbasar,

He was a vice president for finance in the company.

Ol kompaniýanyň maliýe meseleleri boýunça wise-prezidentidi.