PREFIKSLER
a-
ýok, däl, garşy, tersine
The boss got an anonymous letter from his employee.
Edaranyň başlygy gullukçysyndan atsyz ady bolmadyk hat aldy.
ab, abs
bolmazlyk, adaty dällik, adaty bolmadyk
He was absent on Monday. The strange and abnormal habits of certain savage tribes were noticed.
Geçen duşenbe güni ol sapakda bolmady. Käbir ýabany tirelerde geň we adaty bolmadyk däpleriň üsti açyldy.
acr-
tagamy, ysy boýunça ýiti, gyjyndyryjy ys
The room filled with the acrid smell of tobacco.
Otag temmäkiniň ýiti ysyndan doldy.
act-,
hereket, iş, çäre
Action is the fact or process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim.
Hereket - bir fakty ýa-da işi bitirmek, adatça belli bir maksada ýetmek üçin amal edilýän çäre.
a-, an-,
-syz, -siz, däl diýen ýokluk manyny berýän prefiks
Such behaviour was atypical of him. He declared himself apolitical.
Özüni alyp baryşy onuň üçin adaty däldy. Ol özniniň syýasatdan daşda durian-dygyny aýtdy.
ad-
1. üstünlik, öňe gidişlik, ilerleme, gazanylan netije. 2. tarap, ugra gönükdirilen
1.It is a very great advance on all your former writing.2. She had to adapt herself to local conditions.
1. Bu siziň öňki gazanan üstünlikleriňiz bilen deňeşdirilende, ägirt uly öňe gidişlik. 2. Ol ýerli şertlere öwrenişmeli boldy.
agr-
ýer, toprak, oba hojalygy
A lot young peope were involved in agricultural training in the country.
Ýüzlerçe ýaş ýigitler we gyzlar oba hojalyk hünärleri boýunça taýýarlanyly.
alte-
çalşmak, çalşyrmak, ýütgetmek
Sunny weather alternated with rain.
Güneşli howa ýagyn bilen gezekleşýärdi.
anima-
ýaşaýyş, durmuş, janly zatlar, janlandyrmak
Many farms are engaged in animal breeding.A message from her beloved animated his life.
Fermalaryň köpüsi maldarçylyk bilen meşgullanýarlar. Magşuk gyzdan gelen habara janlandy.
ann-
ýyl, ýyllyk, ýyllar
He presented his annual report brilliantly.
Ol ýyllyk hasabatyny örän oňat tabşyrdy.
ante-
öň, öňki
Before she had a baby in she was sent to the antenatal care for two weeks.
Çagasy bolmazdan öň, ol enäni we çagany goramagyň hassahanasyna iki hepdelik iberildi.
anthro-
adam, admyň tebigaty
She studied at the anthropology department of the medical uniýersity.
Ol lukmançylyk unwersitetiniň antropologiýa fakultetinde okady.
anti-
garşy, garşysyna, tersine
A group of young people were found guilty and sentenced for their antisocial acts in the city.
Ýaş ýigitleriň bir topary jemgyýetçilik asudalygyny bozandyklary üçin kasyýet jogapkärçiligine çekildi.
aqua-
suw, suw bilen bagla-nyşykly, suwa degişli
The teenager was interested in aquarium fish.
Ýaş ýigit akwarium balyjyk-laryny ösdürip ýetişdirmekde gyzyklanýardy.
archy-
dolandyrma, dolandyryş
A monarchy is a system in which a country has a monarch.
Monarhiýa dolandyryşy monarh ulgamly ýurtdyr.
-audi,(audit)-
eşitmek, eşidilýän
Ambulance (car) switched on its audible alarm.
Tiz kömek gyssanmaçlyk duýduryş (signal) sesini açdy.
auto-
özi, öz-özi, awto-matik usulda
A lot of devices in the laboratory are regulated automaticly.
Baralghananyň enjamlarynyň köpüsi awtomatik usulda kadalaşdyrylýar.
be-
belli bir şert döretmek ýa-da şeýle ýagdaýa getirmek
Because of his illness he was absent at the lesson.
Ýarawsyzlygy sebäpli, ol okuwda ýokdy.
bene-
gowy, oňat, peýdaly, bähbitli manyny aňladýar.
Mutually beneficial relation-ship was made between the two countries.
Iki ýurduň arasynda özara bähbitli gatnaşyklar ýola goýuldy.
bi-, bis-
iki, goşa
This magazine is issued bimonthly.
Bu žurnal iki aýda bir gezek çykýar.
-bio-
ýaşaýyşa, durmuşa degişli, janly zatlar bilen baglanyşykly
This country is very rich in biodiversity.
Bu ýurt biologiki dürlülige diýseň baý.
brev-
gysga, kelte, az
Brevity is the soul of wit.
Az gürle - uz gürle (nakyl).
centi-
ýüz (100), ýüzlük san
XXI century is the golden age of the Turkmens.
XXI asyr - türkmeniň altyn asyry.
civ-
raýat, raýat bilen baglanyşykly
Mr Johns studied civil rights at the university.
Jenap Jons raýat hukuklarynyunwersitetde öwrendi.
circu-, cir
töwerek, çäk
The Moon makes a full circle around the Earth once a month.
Asmandaky aý ýeriň daşyn-dan aýda bir gezek doly aýlaw edýär.
-chron-
wagt, möhlet, möwrüt;
Historical chronological subject is taught at this faculty.
Bu fakultetde taryhy wakalaryň we resminamalaryň senelrini kesgitleýän ylmy ders okadylýar.
clar-
anyk, aýdyň, açyk
One of the partners wanted to clarify a point of the contract.
Hyzmatdaşlardan biri şertnamanyň bir soragyny anyklamak isledi.
co-
bile, goşulyşyp, bileleşip, bilelikde
co-author, cooperate, co-chairman.
The meeting was held in co-chairmanship.
col, com, con,
bile, bilelikde, goşu-lmak, bileleşdirmek,
They combined their two firms against their competitors. It was a collective decision.
Olar öz kompaniýalarynyň tagallalaryny bäşdeşleriniň garşysyna bileleşdirdiler.Bu bilelikde gelnen karardy.
contra
garşy, ters
They discussed (all) pro and contra of the situation.John’s actions contradict his words.
Olar ýagdaýyň ähli oňyn we ters (zyýanly) taraplaryny ara alyp maslahatlaşdylar. Jonuň hereketleri aýdýan sözleri bilen ters gelýärdi.
corp-
göwre, beden
He suffered from corpulence for last three years.
Ol soňky üç ýyl bäri semizlikden ejir çekýärdi.
counter
garşysyna, garşylyk-laýyn, tersine, ters ugruna, capraz
Some values run counter to the of society. The chairman countered the committee member's suggestion with another question.
Käbir gymmatlyklar jemgyýetiň däp-dessurlryna ters gelýär. Komitetiň agzalarynyň teklibine başlyk garşylyklaýyn sorag berdi.
cred-
ynanmak, hormat-lamak, sylamak
You needn't worry (about) credibility of witness.
Şaýadyň ynamlylygy barada şübhelenmeseň bolar.
crim-
jenaýat, ters hereket, jenaýatly etmiş
Mr Johns worked in criminal office for several years.
Jenap Jonz bu jenaýatçylyk bölüminde birnäçe ýyl bäri işleýärdi.
cross
garşy, atanaklaýyn, çalşyrylyp duran
He was standing cross-armed at the window.
Ol gollaryny gowşuryp, penjiräniň öňünde durdy.
cur-
belli bir ýagdaý ýüze çykmak
Such cases are exceptional occur naturally.
Tebigatda şeýle ýagdaýlr seýrek duş glýär.
curr-, curs-,
course to run running
Within pandemic situation many countries made currency adjustment.
Pandemiýa sebäpli köp ýurtlar öz walýuta deňagramlygyny amala aşyrdylar.
cyber-
kiber – kompýuterle-riň, maglumat tehno-logiýasy we wirtual hakykat häsiýetna-masyna degişli düşünje.
Cyberattack -an attempt by hackers to damage or destroy a computer network or system.
Kiber hüjüm – kompýuter toruny ýa-da systemasyny hatardan çykarmak üçin hakerler tarapyndan edilýän hüjüm syganyşygy.
cycle-
tegelek, aýlaw
The parliament adopted 4-year cycle of the national economic growth and development.
Parlament milli ykdysady ösşiň geljekki 4-ýyllyk meýilnamasyny kabul etdi.
de
tersine, garşysyna hereket
Many states struggle effect-tively against the deforestation in their countries.
Köp döwletler ýurduiň çölleşmegi-ne garşy netijeli çäreleri amala aşyrýarlar.
demo-
halk, halky, halk tarapyndan, halkyň üsti bilen
Democratization of the electo-ral system was carried out just after independence of the country.
Garaşsyzlygyň yzysüresi ýurtda saýlaw ulgamynyň demokratiýalaşdyrylmagyna girişildi.
dif, di
aýry, aýratynlykda, tapawutlykda;
Turkmen language differs greatly from Russian one.
Türkmen dili rus dilinden düýpli tapawutlanýar.
dis-
däl, garşysyna, tersine hereket etmek
He declared his disagreement on one point of the matter.
Ol meseläniň bir soragy bilen ylalaşmaýandygyny aýtdy.
domin-
agalyk etmek, agdyklyk etmek
Young and highly educated people dominate in this country.
Bu ýurtda ýaşlar we bilimli adamlar agdyklyk edýär.
dur-
dowamly, uzak dowam edýän, dowamlylyk
A durable agreement was signed between the two countries.
Iki ýurduň arasynda uzak möhletli şertnama baglanylyşyldy.
dynam-
güýç, kuwwat
The country’s economy develops dynamically within last years.
Soňky ýyllaryň dowamynda ýurduň ykdysadyýeti güýçli depginler bilen ösýär.
e-
elektron, adatça internete degişli zatlar
You can contact us by email or fax.
Siz biziň bilen elektron poçta ýa-da faks arkaly habarlaşyp bilersiňiz.
eco-
Daşky gurşawa, tebigata degişli
Our country has all necessary conditions to organize eco-friendly tourism.
Ýurdumyzda tebigata zyýansyz gezelenji gurnamaga ähli mümkinçilikler bar.
en-,
atlardan, sypatlardan işlik ýasaýar
Farmers have to enrich the soil with chemicals. Computer software enables functioning of the keyboard.
Topragy gurplandyrmak üçin fermerler ony himiki dökünler bilen baýlaşdydmaly bolýarlar. Klawiaturanyň işleýişine kompýuteriň programma üpjünçiligine jogap berär.
em-
atlardan, sypatlardan işlik ýasaýar
The parlaiment empowered the committee to draft a new resolution.
Parlament komitete täze kararnamanyň taslamasyny işläp düzmäge ygtyýar berdi.
equ
deň, deňlik, laýyk even
The Constitution declares equality between men and women in the country.
Konstitusiýa ýurtda aýallar we erkekleriň arasyndaky deňligi jar edýär.
ex-
öň, öňki
His father is ex-minister.
Onuň kakasy öň ministr bolan.
ex-
1. -dan, -den, 2. içinden daşyndan
Goods are sold on ex-warehouse conditions. He saw "No exit" sigh at the door.
Harytlar zawodyň öz ammardan alyp gitmek şertinde satylýar. Gapyda ol “çykalga ýok” diýen ýazgyny gördi.
extra-
daşary, daşyndan, goşmaça
He has to make an extra pay for his baggage.
Ol goşy üçin goşmaça töleg tölemeli boldy
flu-, (fluc-, flux-)
akmak, akgyn, suwara, erkin
He speaks English fluently.
Ol iňlis dilinde suwara gürleýär.
for-
öň, öň ýüzündäki, öňünden
I have foretold you about it several times.
Men öňünden size bu barada birnäçe gezek aýdypdym.
force- (fort)-
güýç, kuwwat, berkitmek
The builders reinforced the foundation of the house.
Gurluşykçylar jaýyň binýadyny berikdiler.
geo-
ýer bilen baglanysyk-ly, ýer ylmyna degişli
Geography, geometry subjects are taught at school.
Geografiýa, geometriýa dersleri mekdepde okadylýar.
hyper
has güýçli, adatdan daşary häsiýetli
This is the latest hypersensitive device used in seismology.
Bu seýismologiýada ulanylýan iň täze adatdan daşary duýgur enjam.
il-,ill-, im-,in-, ir-
erbet, ýaramaz, pes hilli, laýyk gelmeýän, ýok, nädogry, ters, düşünjeleri berýär
We considered his behaviour incorrect. He made it impossible for me to say no.It is not easy to learn irregular verbs.
Biz onuň özüni alyp baryşy gelişiksiz hasaplaýarys.Ol maňa garşylyk görkezer ýaly ýer goýmady.Nädogry işlikleri ýat tutmak aňsat däl.
inter-
ara ýa-da arasynda
Interdepartmental meeting has discussed urgent problems of the company.
Kompaniýanyň wajyp meseleleri bölümleriň arasyndaky ýygnakda seredildi.
jud-, jur-, jus-
kanun, kanuny, kanuna laýyk gelýän adalatly, dogry,
The justice of these observations were proved by practice.
Gelnen kararlaryň adalatlylygyny (dogrulygyny) tejribeler tassyklady.
junct-, (joi)-
goşmak, birikdir-mek, bileleşdirmek, baglaşdyrmak
Junction-canal was construc-ted between the two provinces.
Iki welaýatyň arasynda birikdiriji kanal guruldy.
leg-
kanun, kanuny, kanun taýdan,
What I did was perfectly legal.
Meniň eden hereketleriň kanun taýdan büs-bütünleýin dogry.
log-, (logo)
söz, sözleýiş, jümle
It was a meaningful dialogue between the partners.
Gepleşik taraplaryň arasyndaky peýdaly pikir alyşma boldy.
mal-
erbet, ýaramaz, pes, nädogry, dürs däl, nä-zas, ýalňyş
He switched on the malfunction indicator lamp to find a defect of an apparatus
Ol enjamdaky näsazlygy tapmak üçin sazlaýjy lampany işletdi.
mand-
buýruk bermek, hökmany, ygtyýarly
He had mandatory power to solve problems.
Ýüze çykýan meseleler boýunça çözgüde gelmäge onuň ygtyýarly hukugy bardy.
manu-
el, el bilen, eliň bilen
He has written his manuscript several years ago.
Ol golýazmasyny birnäçe ýyl mundan öň ýazypdy.
mar -
deňiz, suw
This was an ordinary maritime town.
Bu adaty bir deňizýaka şäherjikdi.
maxi-
iň ýokar dereje, iň uly, iň köp
This is the maximum capacity of the hydro-electric station.
Bu gidro-elektrik bekediň iň ýokary kuwwatlylygy.
med-
orta,
I saw a wonderful medieval carpet in the Oriental Art museum.
Men Gündogar sungat muzeýinde ajaýyp orta asyr halysyny gördüm.
mega
adatdan daşary uly, ägirt uly, mega
Today's leading edge petascale systems consume between 2-3 Megawatts (MW) per petaflops.
Häziki zaman örän kuwwatly kompýuter-ler her petfloplara 2-3 МВт elektrik toguny ulanýarlar.
mem-
ýat, huş, ýatkeşlik
He has good memory for numbers.
Onuň sanlary ýatda saklamaga ýatkeşligi güýçli.
micro-
örän kiçi, örän ownukmikro
He works in the agricultural microbiology department.
Ol oba hojalygy mikrobiologiýa bölüminde işleýär.
mid-
ortasynda, ara, orta
He passed his midterm exams successfully.
Ol möwsümara synaglaryny üstünlikli tabşyrdy.
milli-
münden bölegi, milli
millisecond
Sekundyň müňden bir bölegi - millisekunt.
mini-
mini, kici, kiçijik, uly bolmadyk
They bought a minibus last month.
Olar geçen aý mini (kiçi) awtobus satyn aldylar.
mis-
ýalňyş, erbet, pes, ýaramaz, nädogry, dürs däl, näzas,
He made a lot of mistakes in his test.
Ol testinde örän köp ýalňyş goýberdi. —
mono-
bir, ýeke, ýeketäk,
Comparative and superlative degrees of monosyllable adjectives are not difficult to learn.
Bir bogunly sypatlaryň deňeşdirme we artyklyk derejelerini öwrenmek kyn däl.
multi-
köp
The number of multi-storey buildings in the city increases year by year.
Şäherde köp gatly ýjaýlaryň sany ýyl-ýyldan artýar.
neo-
täze
A lot neologisms are coined in many languages.
Köp dillerde täze sözler müňlerçesi emele getirilýär.
non-
däl, -syz, -siz, tersine, garsy
Many people prefer non-smoking section.
Adamlaryň köpüsi çilim çekilmeýän ýerleri saýlaýarlar.
ob-
anyk, açyk, aýdyň
There is no obvious solution to the problem.
Bu meseläniň anyk çözgüdi ýok.
omni-
ähli, hemme (ählu-mumylygy görkezýän goşma sözleriň birinj bölejigi)
On Friday the company got an omnibus letter.
Anna güni kompaniýa işgärleriň birnäçesine salgylanan hat aldy.
out-
bir zadyň agdyklygy-ny, köplügini aňladýar.
He outdid the task.
Ol buýrulan ýumuşy artykmajy bilen ýerine ýetirdi.
over-
örän köp, örän kän,aşa, artykmaç, köp
He overslept yesterday.
Öten agşam ol ýatyp galdy (turmalyy wagtyndan giç turdy).
part-
Ýaym, doly däl, doly bolmadyk, bölekleýin
After her son was born, she had to work part-time.
Çagasy dogulandan soň ol ýarym salkyn işlemeli boldy.
paed-,ped-
çaga degişli, çaga bilen baglanyşykly
A paediatrician ia a medical practitioner specialed in children and their diseases
Pediator (çaga lukmany) çagalar we olaryň keselleri bilen iş salyşýan hünärmen.
ped-
aýak
Pedestal is the base or support on which a statue is mounted.
Pedestal - heýkel oturdylýan ýa-da heýkel durýan binýat.
per
-a, -e, -dan, -den,
He was driving at 60 miles per hour. Per capita income increases in this country year by year.
Оl sagatda 60 mil tizlik bilen sürýärdi. Bu ýurtda jan başyna düşýän girdeji ýyl-ýyldan artýar.
phil-
söýýän, halaýan, eý görýän; filo-
Magtymguly was a great poet and philosoph of his time.
Magtymguly öz döwrüniň beýik şahyry we filosofy bolupdyr.
phon-
Ses, ses bilen baglanyşykly, fone-
English phonetics is very difficult to learn.
Iňlis diliniň fonetikasy öwrenmäge örän çylşyrymly.
poly
köp
Forming of comparative and superlative degrees of polysyllable adjectives are a little bit difficult.
Köpbogunly sypatlaryň deňeşdirme we artyklyk derejeleriniň ýasalyşy birneme kynrak.
post
soň, soňra, soňundan
Discussing of the forthcoming plan was postponed.
Geljek ýylyň meýilnamasyny ara alyp maslahtlaşmak soňra (soňki günlere) geçirildi.
pre
-dan öň, -dan öňki, çenli
Children start to study at the age of six at preschool educa-tional institutions.
Mekdebe çenli okuw jaýlarynda çagalar 6 ýaşdan okap başlaýarlar.
prim-
ilkinji, birinji
Primary tasks should be fulfilled first.
Ilkinji nobatdaky wezipeler birinji bolup ýerine ýetirilmeli.
re-
gaýtadan, täzeden, ýene bir gezek
He will have the body re-examined.
Ol lukmançylyk barlagyndan gaýtadan geçmeli.
self-
özi
I like your self-criticism.
Öz-özüňize tankydy garaýyşyňyz maňa ýaraýar.
semi-
ýarym, bölekleýin
His semi-annual financial report was very good.
Onuň ýarym ýyllyk hasanaty oňat çykdy.
sequ
yzyny eýermek, yzyna
In our country holidays come in sequence.
Biziň ýurdumyzda baýramçylyklar goşa-goşadan gelýär.
socio-
jemgyýet, jemgyýete degisli, dahylly
Socio-economic development is aimed to the nation.
Sosial-ykdysady ösüş halkyň maksadyna gönükdirilendir.
sol (soli)
ýeke, ýeke özi, ýekelikde, bir özi
This singer has just completed his final solo album.
Bu aýdymçy ýaňyja ýekelikde ýerine ýetirip ýazdyran soňki albomuny tamamlady.
sub -
- aşak, pes, asty, az
The submarine plunged.
Suwasty gämi suw astyna çümdi.
super-
ýokary, ýokary derejeli, beýik, güýçli, kuwwatly
There are hundreds of superhighways in the USA.
ABŞ-da ýokary derejeli, ýokary tizlikli awto ýollar ýüzlerçesi bar.
syn-, sym-, syl-
bile, billikde, bilelişen
Symphony is an elaborate musical composition for full orchestra, typically in four movements.
Simfoniýa - simfoniki orkestr tarapyndan bielikde ýerine ýetirilýän uly göwrümli saz eseri.
tele-
uzak (aralyk), daş aralyk, tele-
Telecommunication industry is highly developed in this country.
Bu ýurtda telekommunikasiýa senagaty giňden ösdürilýär.
thermo
gyzgyn, gyzgynlyk
Thermostat functions perfectly.
Gyzgynlyk derejesine gözegçilik edýän enjam gurat işleýär.
trans -
üstaşyr
They made ttransatlantic cruiselast summer.
Geçen tomus olar atlantik ummanynda gämide syýahat etdiler.
tri-
üç
In ancient times Greeks used tripod pots.
Gadymy Gresiýada adamlar üç aýakly gap-gaçlary ulanypdyrlar.
ultra
adatdan daşary uly, örän
This was an ultramodern building in the city.
Bu jaý şäheriň adatdan daşary häzirki zaman binasydy.
un, uni
bir, ýeke, bitewi
His plan was supported unanimously at the meeting.The opposition demanded unilateral disarmament.
Ýygnakda onuň meýilnamasyny biragyzdan goldadylar. Oppozisiýa birtaraplaýyn ýaragsyzlanmagy talap edýärdi.
un
däl
No one needs your unhelpful suggestions.
Seniň peýdasyz maslahat-laryň hiç kime derkar däl.
under-
ýeterlik mukdarda däl, kemter, örän az, pes,
The employees say that they are underpaid and overworked.
Gullukçylar aýlyklarynyň juda azdygyna, ýerine ýetirýän işleriniň bolsa örän köpdüginden arz edýärler.
vice-
orunbasar,
He was a vice president for finance in the company.
Ol kompaniýanyň maliýe meseleleri boýunça wise-prezidentidi.
